Understanding GLP-1 and Diabetes
What GLP-1 medicines are, how they work in the body, common side effects and questions to ask your doctor.
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About this course
What GLP-1 medicines are, how they work in the body, common side effects and questions to ask your doctor.
GLP-1 medicines are in the news a lot, and it can be hard to tell fact from hype. This course explains what these medicines are, how they work in the body, the difference between injections and tablets and the most common side effects.
You will also look at eating, weight and muscle while taking them, common myths and questions to bring to your doctor.
What you will learn
Medically reviewed by
Dr. Shanto Arian is an internal medicine physician now specializing in clinical and aesthetic dermatology, with a parallel academic focus on epidemiology and public health. He holds an MBBS, MPH, MSc (UK), MRCP (UK), MRCPI (Ireland), Diploma in Dermatology (UK), and Diploma in Aesthetic Medicine (USA). Dr. Arian trained in internal medicine, including hospital work on hematology cases such as graft-versus-host disease, before moving toward dermatology. Skin is one of the earliest places diabetes shows itself, from acanthosis nigricans and diabetic dermopathy to slow foot wound healing, and that intersection is where his clinical and Diabic-review work meet. On Diabic, Dr. Arian medically reviews content on diabetes diagnosis, complications, dermatologic manifestations, and pharmacotherapy, ensuring every claim aligns with current ADA, NICE, and peer-reviewed literature.
For learning only. Talk to your doctor before changing medicine or habits.
Chapter 1: GLP-1 at a Glance
- American Diabetes AssociationDiabetes Care, Standards of Care supplement 2025 (opens in a new tab)
- New England Journal of MedicinePubMed article 27295427 (opens in a new tab)
- New England Journal of MedicinePubMed article 38785209 (opens in a new tab)
- American Diabetes AssociationAmerican Diabetes Association: Food nutrition (opens in a new tab)
- American Diabetes AssociationAmerican Diabetes Association: Fitness (opens in a new tab)
- NIDDKManaging Diabetes (opens in a new tab)
- FDADrugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs (opens in a new tab)
Chapter 2: What GLP-1 Medicines Are
Chapter 4: Injections and Tablets
- American Diabetes AssociationAmerican Diabetes Association home page (opens in a new tab)
- MedlinePlusGiving an insulin injection (opens in a new tab)
- NIDDKNIDDK diabetes page (opens in a new tab)
- National Library of MedicinePubMed article 33206343 (opens in a new tab)
- FDADrugs@FDA Data Files (opens in a new tab)
Chapter 5: Common Side Effects
Chapter 6: Eating While on GLP-1 Medicines
- NIDDKHealthy Living with Diabetes (opens in a new tab)
- Diabetes CareDiabetes Care journal home page (opens in a new tab)
- National Library of MedicinePubMed article 26106234 (opens in a new tab)
- Mayo ClinicDietary fiber: Essential for a healthy diet (opens in a new tab)
- Dietary Guidelines for AmericansDietary Guidelines for Americans home page (opens in a new tab)
Chapter 7: Weight and Muscle
- Diabetes CarePubMed article 22374636 (opens in a new tab)
- National Library of MedicinePubMed article 25599350 (opens in a new tab)
- American Diabetes AssociationAmerican Diabetes Association: Getting started safely (opens in a new tab)
- American Diabetes AssociationAmerican Diabetes Association: Weight management (opens in a new tab)
- National Library of MedicineSTEP-1, PubMed article 33567185 (opens in a new tab)
Chapter 8: Myths and Headlines
Chapter 9: Questions for Your Doctor
Further reading on Diabic
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Why They Changed Diabetes Care
- Insulin vs GLP-1 Injections: Differences Explained
- What Is Type 2 Diabetes? A Straightforward Guide
- 7 Ways to Prevent Blood Sugar Spikes After Meals
- Exercise for Type 2 Diabetes: Where to Start
- Type 2 Diabetes Treatment Options Explained Clearly
- Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide: Key Differences You Should Know
- Ozempic for Type 2 Diabetes: Hype vs Reality
- Is Zepbound a Diabetes Medication? What You Need to Know
- Injectable Diabetes Medication List and Comparison
- Switching to Injectable Diabetes Medication: What to Expect
- Injection Site Reactions from Diabetes Medication
- Blood Sugar After Food: What's Normal
- Fasting vs Postprandial Glucose: What's the Difference
- Diabetes Plate Method: A Simple Way to Eat Well
- Can a High-Fiber Diet Help Manage Diabetes
- Weight Loss and Type 2 Diabetes: What Helps
- Desk Exercises for Better Blood Sugar at Work
- Can Diabetes Be Cured or Only Managed
- Can Type 2 Diabetes Be Reversed? What Research Says
- When to Go to the ER for Diabetes: A Triage Guide
- Sick Day Checklist for Diabetes: Stay on Track